农地产权结构变迁视域下土地增值收益的公平分享

农地产权结构是搭建土地增值收益分配与宪法秩序有效链接的重要桥梁.从农地产权结构变迁的视角看,我国传统土地增值收益的国有化机制实际在很大程度上符合1982年宪法所确立的社会主义地租国有原则及地利共享秩序.然而,由于宪法土地条款一开始就被注入了地利分配具有倾向性的思想基因,长此以往便忽视了农民作为整体分享土地增值收益的"另一半宪法秩序".新型城镇化背景下,国家进行了"同地同权"、赋权于"民"的农村土地管理制度改革,其实质是宪法秩序的延续而非替代,我国土地增值收益分配的主要机制仍是征地补偿制度.要实现我国土地增值收益的公平分享,必须回到社会主义"国家—集体"一元论的完整地利共享秩序中来,并遵循实质平等的要求,通过以"人的城镇化"为目标对区片综合地价进行限定、采取倾向于农村及农业发展的"土地财政"政策、打破城乡户籍二元制实现城乡一体化发展等方案,推动农民全过程参与、共享土地利益.     

南京中山植物园游憩功能满意度评价研究

随着植物园"旅游经济"的发展,植物园在承担植物科学研究及科普功能的同时,也成为公众日常休闲的重要绿地。本文选取南京中山植物园作为研究对象,建立评价体系并运用模糊综合评价法对游客满意度进行研究,探寻影响植物园游憩功能的显著因子,为未来植物园规划设计提供参考。结果表明:游客对南京中山植物园的游憩功能达到基本满意水平。其中,植物物种多样性、景区分布、建筑景观、声景观的满意度较高,滨水景观的满意度评价值较低。通过Pearson相关系数发现植物色彩丰富度、科普场所、科普内容是影响游客满意度的显著因子。运用IPA图对16项评价因子进行重要度-满意度分析,并对各象限内的因子提出改进方向。最后基于游憩功能满意度评价结果,提出改进策略:加大对植物园休息设施、卫生设施、娱乐设施和商业服务设施的投入;更新科普方式,增添特色游憩主题园区;完善现有道路体系,增强对北部专类园的可达性;增加色叶植物的种类、提高色彩丰富度等。以期为中山植物园游憩功能的优化及其他植物园的规划设计提供借鉴。     

长期护理需求评估体系建设研究——基于地方试点与德国实践

长期护理需求评估是长期护理保险筹资与给付的联结点,直接决定了保险给付,并对长期护理保险筹资有重要影响.当前我国试点地方在长期护理需求评估制度的设计上分歧较大,虽积累了差异化的经验与案例,但地区分割不利于社会公平与社会流动.应立足于长期护理保险的社会保险属性,结合社会实际与试点效果,适当借鉴德国经验,统筹设计长期护理需求评估体系,通过"法律+行政法规+部门规章"的规范形式,精准定位评估对象,明确独立的评估主体、科学设计评估指标与评估工具、严格规范评估程序等确保评估结果的科学、客观与公正,并根据评估结果进行分级分类给付,实现长期护理保险资源流向精准.     

Validation of the Australian Midwifery Standards Assessment Tool (AMSAT): A tool to assess midwifery competence

Background

There is no current validated clinical assessment tool to measure the attainment of midwifery student competence in the midwifery practice setting. The lack of a valid assessment tool has led to a proliferation of tools and inconsistency in assessment of, and feedback on student learning.

大数据驱动下的政府治理机制研究——基于2020年后精准扶贫领域的返贫阻断分析

大数据时代已经到来，大数据驱动下的政府治理发生何种改变，目前相关研究较少。当前政府治理的考验集中在2020年实现全面脱贫后精准扶贫领域的返贫阻断。文章以该领域为切入点，探索大数据驱动下政府治理的内在机制。研究发现：大数据背景下，政府治理能力催生出新的核心能力，即数据治理能力。数据治理能力驱动下，政府治理主体多元化有利于实现政府治理资源的宽范围、精准化动员；政府治理方式实现经验式决策向数据化决策转变，有利于实现政府资源的高效率和公平配置；政府治理客体的精准识别，有利于政府资源的精准化和最优化运用。但是客观上必须具备数据治理能力，主观上必须按照大数据驱动的要求重构政府治理体系（包括治理主体、治理方式和治理客体），才能真正实现以数据治理驱动政府治理，进而提高政府治理能力的目的。而数据治理能力客观上也加速了政府治理体系的重构，进而加快了政府治理能力的提升，并最终提高政府治理绩效。在对标大数据应用不同阶段分析常规式返贫阻断和大数据返贫阻断的不足和差距的基础上，笔者提出重构政府治理体系和提升数据治理能力等针对性建议。     

Recognizing Structural Nonidentifiability: When Experiments Do Not Provide Information About Important Parameters and Misleading Models Can Still Have Great Fit

In the quest to model various phenomena, the foundational importance of parameter identifiability to sound statistical modeling may be less well appreciated than goodness of fit. Identifiability concerns the quality of objective information in data to facilitate estimation of a parameter, while nonidentifiability means there are parameters in a model about which the data provide little or no information. In purely empirical models where parsimonious good fit is the chief concern, nonidentifiability (or parameter redundancy) implies overparameterization of the model. In contrast, nonidentifiability implies underinformativeness of available data in mechanistically derived models where parameters are interpreted as having strong practical meaning. This study explores illustrative examples of structural nonidentifiability and its implications using mechanistically derived models (for repeated presence/absence analyses and dose–response of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and norovirus) drawn from quantitative microbial risk assessment. Following algebraic proof of nonidentifiability in these examples, profile likelihood analysis and Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo with uniform priors are illustrated as tools to help detect model parameters that are not strongly identifiable. It is shown that identifiability should be considered during experimental design and ethics approval to ensure generated data can yield strong objective information about all mechanistic parameters of interest. When Bayesian methods are applied to a nonidentifiable model, the subjective prior effectively fabricates information about any parameters about which the data carry no objective information. Finally, structural nonidentifiability can lead to spurious models that fit data well but can yield severely flawed inferences and predictions when they are interpreted or used inappropriately.     

论环境影响评价与排污许可制度的互动和衔接——从制度逻辑和构造建议的角度

如何将环境影响评价与排污许可等环境治理工具进行互动与衔接是未来环境治理制度改革的关键。两种制度在现时的环境下都存在各自的问题及相应的变革路径。两种不同的变革路径却有着共同的价值需求，即环境影响评价与排污许可的衔接与互动。在衔接的过程中存在的最大的争议就是维持或简化环境影响评价审批，这种衔接思路的差异制造了两种截然相反的制度逻辑:一种以维持环评审批为核心，另一种以简化环评审批为核心。就中国目前的环境影响评价制度改革方向而言，简化环评审批似乎已是不可阻挡之潮流。是否应当以简化环评审批、强调排污许可为目标进行两种制度的衔接。简化环评审批并不等同于弱化环评制度；在环境影响评价与排污许可的衔接构造上，应当遵循的思路:在宏观上，以效益最大化统领全局；在具体操作上，秉持“在简化环境影响评价的大环境中，寻找强化的契机；以排污许可为核心的进程中，夯实衔接的构造”的理念。     

The Child Abuse Risk Evaluation Dutch Version (CARE-NL): A retrospective validation study

Abstract

The Child Abuse Risk Evaluation – Dutch version (CARE-NL) is a structured professional guideline for assessing the risk of all types of child abuse. The CARE-NL comprises 18 risk factors: eight Parental characteristics, three Parent-Child interaction factors, five Family factors, one Child vulnerability factor, and an extra factor for child sexual abuse risk. We examined interrater reliability and predictive accuracy of the instrument in a retrospective study at Advice and Reporting Centers on Child Abuse (ARCCA) in The Netherlands. The ARCCA files contained limited information on Parental risk factors, while parental characteristics, such as mental disorder and substance abuse, are the most important risk factors for (repeated) child abuse. On the other hand, the majority of the files included ample information on child and family characteristics. The CARE-NL could be reliably coded by trained raters and the predictive accuracy for out-of-home placement (AUC = .73) and placement of the child under court supervision (AUC = .78), at two years follow-up, was adequate. Use of the CARE-NL ensures that the assessment of the risk of child abuse focuses on the most important, empirically based risk factors in a structured and coherent way.     

Contribution analysis to analyze the effects of the health impact assessment at the local level: A case of urban revitalization

The health impact assessment (HIA) is a tool used to estimate the potential impact on health of non-health-related proposals prior to implementation. While it is increasingly used in Quebec, Canada, studies have not analyzed its medium-term impacts and potential long-term impacts. We conducted a contribution analysis using in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, as well as documents, observation and images related to HIA in order to analyze its impacts on the revitalization of road infrastructure, parks and green spaces, and residential housing. Our analysis not only reflects on the decision-making process through the adoption and implementation of HIA recommendations, but also on the link between actions implemented in the field and health outcomes.     

HR转型背景下劳动关系与劳动法课程教学方法新探

2020年中共中央办公厅、国务院印发的《关于深化新时代教育督导体制机制改革的意见》，进一步推动了我国教育事业的改革和发展，也为HR转型背景下劳动关系与劳动法课程教学方法的改革提供了优良契机。基于此，文章介绍了HR转型与专业人才培养的关系，分析了HR转型对劳动关系与劳动法课程教学的影响，探究了HR转型背景下劳动关系与劳动法课程的教学现状，论述了HR转型背景下劳动关系与劳动法课程教学的创新路径。